Hans Hugo Bruno Selye y el estrés, hito en la historia de la Medicina moderna / Hans Hugo Bruno Selye and the stress, a milestone in the modern medical history

Fundamento: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, fisiólogo y médico austrohúngaro nació el 26 de enero de 1907, posteriormente se naturalizó canadiense, este hombre que vivió 75 años y llegó a ser director del Instituto de Medicina y Cirugía Experimental de la Universidad de Montreal, Canadá, hasta su retiro en 1970. Falleció en 1982, en esa misma ciudad. Objetivo: Describir la vida y obra del ilustre académico Hans Hugo Bruno Selye y la historia del estrés como hito en la historia de la Medicina moderna. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de corte histórico donde se utilizaron métodos teóricos como el análisis documental y el histórico-lógico. Desarrollo: El doctor empezó a desarrollar su famosa teoría acerca de la influencia del estrés en la capacidad de las personas para enfrenarse o amoldarse a las consecuencias de lesiones o enfermedades en el segundo año de sus estudios de Medicina (1926). Esta investigación le permitió descubrir que los pacientes con variedad de dolencias manifestaban síntomas similares, los cuales podían ser atribuidos a los esfuerzos del organismo para responder a esta condición de estar enfermo. Él llamó a este conjunto de síntomas síndrome del estrés o síndrome de adaptación general (GAS). Conclusiones: Este médico es una de las personalidades más importantes de la historia de la Medicina; su teoría del estrés proporcionó un marco conceptual transcendental para cuestiones posteriores de los mecanismos y manifestaciones de las reacciones del mismo.

Background: Hans Hugo Bruno Selye, Austro-Hungarian physiologist and physician, born January 26, 1907, later naturalized Canadian citizen, this man who lived 75 years and became the Director of Experimental Medicine and Surgery Institute of Montreal University in Canada, until his retirement in 1970. He passed away in 1982, in the same city. Objective: Describe the life and achievements of the distinguished academic Hans Hugo Bruno Selye and the history of stress as a milestone in modern medical history. Methodology: A historical retrospective study was conducted using theoretical methods such as documental and historical-logical analysis. Methodology: The doctor began to build his famous theory about the influence of stress on the ability of persons to cope or adjust to the injury or illness consequences in the second year of his medical studies (1926). He discovered with this investigation that patients with a variety of ailments exhibited similar symptoms, which could be attributed to the organism efforts to respond to the condition of being sick. He named this set of symptoms stress syndrome or general adaptation syndrome (GAS). Conclusions: This physician is one of the greatest personalities in medical history; his stress theory provided a transcendental conceptual framework for later issues of the mechanisms and manifestations for stress reactions.

Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz: aportes al ideal médico social desde su gestión ministerial / MD. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz: contributions to the social medical ideal from his ministerial management

Fundamento: los años 1959 y 1960 fueron decisivos en las proyecciones y concreción del ideal médico social, como proceso iniciado, a establecerse en Cuba. Objetivo: identificar los aportes más relevantes del Dr. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, en su gestión como ministro de salud pública a la conformación del ideal médico social cubano en la década del sesenta del siglo XX. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico en el año 2022. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos que permitieron analizar el objetivo de estudio, basado en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: análisis de contenido y la consulta bibliográfica para procesar en conjunto el producto resultante, se empleó la triangulación para mejorar la validez y confiabilidad de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: la designación y actuación del Dr. Ruiz de Zárate frente al Ministerio de Salud Pública sentó las bases y logró avanzar, bajo una aguda lucha de clases, en el camino de modificar las condiciones higiénico-sanitarias de la población, posible solo por los cambios de concepciones médicas de lo asistencial curativo a lo social. Conclusiones: el Dr. Ruiz de Zárate en su gestión como ministro hizo relevantes aportes a la conformación del ideal médico social. Diversas y amplias fueron las acciones encaminadas para materializarlo, expresadas concretamente en políticas, leyes, planes, medidas, entre otras, que fueron superadas y fortalecidas con el mismo objetivo por el Dr. José Ramón Machado Ventura.

Background: the years 1959 and 1960 were decisive in the projections and concretion of the social medical ideal, as an initiated process, to be established in Cuba. Objective: to identify the most relevant contributions of MD. Serafín Ruiz de Zárate Ruiz, as Minister of Public Health, to the conformation of the Cuban social medical ideal in the sixties of the 20th century. Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out in the year 2022. Theoretical methods were applied that allowed us to analyze the objective of the study, based on the interaction of the historical and the logical and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical ones: content analysis and bibliographic consultation to jointly process the resulting product, sources contrasting was used to improve the validity and reliability of the data obtained. Results: the appointment and action of MD. Ruiz de Zárate in front of the Ministry of Public Health laid the foundations and managed to advance, under an acute class struggle, in the path of modifying the hygienic-sanitary conditions of the population, possible only because of the Changes in medical conceptions from curative care to social. Conclusions: MD. Ruiz de Zárate as minister of public health made relevant contributions to the conformation of the social medical ideal. Diverse and extensive were the actions aimed at materializing it, specifically expressed in policies, laws, plans, measures, among others, which were overcome and strengthened with the same objective by MD. José Ramón Machado Ventura.

Una vida dedicada a la Salud Pública: el enfermero Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez / A life dedicated to Public Health: the nurse Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez

RESUMEN El artículo socializa resultados de la investigación sobre la historia de vida del enfermero empírico Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" y su contribución, desde edad muy temprana, al desarrollo de los servicios de salud en su localidad, así como el influjo de su personalidad en el poblado. Se enmarca en el período comprendido desde 1930 a 1996; desde la perspectiva sociocultural brinda aportes sobre la asistencia médica a pobladores de la comunidad marinera Castillo de Jagua-Perché. Se realizaron análisis de documentos y entrevistas a personas que conocieron de su labor. Se comprobó que Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez realizó importantes funciones brindando atención a la salud. El artículo proporciona una visión sociocultural para tratar figuras y procesos históricos locales, y aporta al conocimiento de un tema que resulta de interés general y para la historia de la enfermería en Cienfuegos.

ABSTRACT The article socializes the results of the research on the life history of the empirical nurse Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez, "Perico" and his contribution, from a very early age, to the development of health services in his locality, as well as the influence of his personality. in the town. It is part of the period from 1930 to 1996; From a sociocultural perspective, it provides contributions on medical assistance to residents of the Castillo de Jagua-Perché seafaring community. Analysis of documents and interviews were carried out with people who knew about their work. It was found that Félix Pedro Díaz Vázquez performed important functions providing health care. The article provides a sociocultural vision to deal with local historical figures and processes, and contributes to the knowledge of a topic that is of general interest and for the history of nursing in Cienfuegos.

Práticas corporais e atividades físicas como fator de resistência na história de vida de uma idosa: uma perspectiva salutogênica / Body practices and physical activities as a resistance factor in the life story of an elderly woman: a salutogenic perspective / Prácticas corporales y actividades físicas como factor de resistencia en la historia de vida de una anciana: una perspectiva salutogénica

Objetivamos investigar a história de vida de uma idosa e observar se as práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAF) aparecem como fator de resistência. Foi conduzido um estudo qualitativo caracterizado como história de vida, com uma idosa de 78 anos de idade. A partir de uma entrevista em profundidade, aberta e nãoestruturada, produziram-se os dados que foram tratados com a análise de conteúdo. Identificamos fatores de resistência como sentido de vida, autoestima e assistência social. Variáveis como o ambiente familiar, a escola, a religião e o trabalho tiveram influência direta na aquisição de atitudes positivas para a saúde. As PCAF apareceram como meio para outras formatações como o caso da sociabilidade, do cuidado de si e da significação da vida. Elas ainda oportunizaram a autoestima, como um dos fatores de resistência frente às diversas pressões do meio e tendo interferência essencial para o contínuo saúdedoença.

We aimed to investigate the life history of an elderly woman and observe whether bodily practices and physical activities (BPPA) appear as a resistance factor. A qualitative study characterized as life history was conducted with a 78-year-old elderly woman. From an in-depth, open and unstructured interview, data were produced and treated with content analysis. We identified resistance factors such as meaning in life, self-esteem and social assistance. Variables such as family environment, school, religion and work had a direct influence on the acquisition of positive attitudes towards health. BPPA appeared as a means for other formats such as the case of sociability, self-care and the meaning of life. They also provided opportunities for self-esteem, as one of the resistance factors in the face of various pressures in the environment and having an essential interference for the continuous health-disease.

Nuestro objetivo fue investigar la historia de vida de una anciana y observar si las prácticas corporales y actividades físicas (PCAF) aparecen como un factor de resistencia. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo caracterizado como historia de vida, con una anciana de 78 años. A partir de una entrevista en profundidad, abierta y no estructurada, se generaron los datos, tratados con análisis de contenido. Identificamos factores de resistencia como el sentido de la vida, la autoestima y la asistencia social. Variables como el entorno familiar, la escuela, la religión y el trabajo influyeron directamente en la adquisición de actitudes positivas hacia la salud. Las PCAF aparecieron como un medio para otros formatos como el caso de la sociabilidad, el autocuidado y el sentido de la vida. También brindaron oportunidades para la autoestima, como uno de los factores de resistencia ante diversas presiones del entorno y presentandose como interferencia esencial para el continuo saludenfermedad.

Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo: erudito profesor de Radiología, Hijo Preclaro y Distinguido de Santa Clara / Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo: erudite professor of Radiology, Preclear and Distinguished Son of Santa Clara

RESUMEN Entre los que dieron un aporte importante al desarrollo y enseñanza de la Radiología en Cuba, se destaca el doctor santaclareño Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo. Radiólogo eminente que dedicó su vida a la asistencia, investigación y docencia de esa especialidad. Múltiples sociedades científicas, colegios y academias del mundo lo hicieron miembro honorario. Publicó más de 100 artículos en revistas cubanas y extranjeras y llegó a ser miembro del cuerpo de redactores de la Revista Médica Cubana. Como reconocimiento, el ayuntamiento de su ciudad natal le entregó el título de Hijo Preclaro y Distinguido de la ciudad de Santa Clara. Es objetivo de los autores comunicar sobre su obra a fin de que las actuales generaciones de profesionales cubanos reconozcan su repercusión en la medicina cubana.

ABSTRACT Among those who made an important contribution to the development and teaching of Radiology in Cuba, Dr. Pedro Leandro Fariñas Mayo from Santa Clara stands out. Eminent radiologist who dedicated his life to assisting, researching and teaching this specialty. Multiple scientific societies, colleges and academies around the world made him an honorary member. He published more than 100 articles in Cuban and foreign journals and became a member of the editorial staff of the Cuban Medical Journal. In recognition, the city council of his hometown gave him the title of Prominent and Distinguished Son of the city of Santa Clara. It is the objective of the authors to communicate about his work so that current generations of Cuban professionals recognize its impact on Cuban medicine.

Villaclareños en el contingente internacional de médicos especializados en desastres y graves epidemias "Henry Reeve" / Villaclareños in the international contingent of doctors specialized in disasters and serious epidemics "Henry Reeve"

RESUMEN Fundamento: el internacionalismo forma parte de las tradiciones patrióticas y revolucionarias que identifican la nación cubana. El contingente internacional de médicos especializados en situaciones de desastres y graves epidemias "Henry Reeve" constituye un ejemplo de solidaridad con los necesitados en el mundo. Objetivo: destacar la participación villaclareña en el contingente internacional de médicos especializados en situaciones de desastres y graves epidemias "Henry Reeve". Métodos: se realizó una investigación cualitativa de proyección histórica, con una perspectiva humanística en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, durante el período comprendido entre los años 2018 a 2021. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, y empíricos: el análisis documental, entrevistas a informantes clave, y se recopilaron testimonios valiosos sobre los colaboradores. Resultados: fueron identificados los profesionales villaclareños que han formado parte del referido contingente teniendo en cuenta el sexo, color de la piel, especialidad, militancia, países donde han prestado ayuda, unidades de salud de procedencia y las características particulares de cada tipo de misión. Conclusiones: los profesionales de la salud contribuyen con su labor al reconocimiento y respeto internacional ganado por Cuba en materia de colaboración médica, como muestra de la esencia humanista del proceso revolucionario cubano y de las ideas de Fidel. Ellos son misioneros de la salud en aquellos lugares más humildes y golpeados por grandes catástrofes naturales, epidemias y otras calamidades que afectan a la humanidad.

ABSTRACT Background: internationalism is part of the patriotic and revolutionary traditions that identify the Cuban nation. The international contingent of doctors specialized in disaster situations and serious epidemics "Henry Reeve" is an example of solidarity with those in need in the world. Objective: to highlight the participation of Villa Clara in the international contingent of doctors specialized in disaster situations and serious epidemics "Henry Reeve". Methods: a qualitative research of historical projection was carried out, with a humanistic perspective at the Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences, during the period between 2018 and 2021. Theoretical and empirical methods were applied: documentary analysis, interviews with key informants, and valuable testimonials about the collaborators were collected. Results: professionals from Villa Clara who have been part of the aforementioned contingent were identified, taking into account sex, skin color, specialty, militancy, countries where they have provided assistance, health units of origin and the particular characteristics of each type of mission. Conclusions: health professionals contribute with their work to the international recognition and respect earned by Cuba in terms of medical collaboration, as a sign of the humanist essence of the Cuban revolutionary process and of Fidel's ideas. They are missionaries of health in those most humble places hit by great natural catastrophes, epidemics and other calamities that affect humanity.

A carreira esportiva de mulheres paralímpicas: o caso da seleção brasileira de voleibol sentado / The sports career of paralympic women: the case of the brazilian sitting volleyball team / La carrera deportiva de las mujeres paralímpicas: el caso de la selección brasileña de voleibol sentado

Este trabalho buscou investigar a carreira esportiva de mulheres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaram dos Jogos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, com o objetivo de reconhecer o percurso esportivo das atletas. É uma pesquisa qualitativa, descritiva, de caráter exploratório e retrospectivo. A amostra foi composta por quatro atletas, foi utilizado questionário, entrevista semiestruturada, apoiados pelo uso de timeline. A análise dos dados foi realizada a partir da Análise Qualitativa do Conteúdo. Observamos que o esporte enquanto carreira aparece após a lesão física, como parte do processo de reabilitação. No entanto, há dupla carreira profissional para essas atletas devido à instabilidade da carreira esportiva, sendo o ápice quando há convocação para a seleção brasileira. Não foi identificado um preparo para o encerramento da carreira esportiva. A carreira esportiva é uma forma de reabilitação e inserção social, ao mesmo tempo em que não se configura como trabalho de dedicação integral das atletas, que têm outros empregos.(AU)

This study aimed to investigate the sports career of sitting volleyball athletes who participated in the Brazilian sitting volleyball team at the Paralympics Games in Rio 2016. It is a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and retrospective research. The sample consisted of four athletes and a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview were used, supported by the timeline. The analysis of the data was made from the Qualitative Content Analysis. We observed that sport as a career appears after physical injury, as part of the rehabilitation process, but sport is not the only source of income due to the instability of the sports career. The apex is the call for the Brazilian team and there is no preparation to the end of sport career. The sports career is a form of rehabilitation and social insertion, at the same time that it is not a full-time job for athletes, who have other jobs.(AU)

El propósito de este trabajo fue investigar la carrera deportiva de mujeres atletas de voleibol sentado que participaron en los Juegos Paralímpicos Rio 2016, con el objetivo de reconocer el recorrido deportivo de las atletas. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva, de carácter exploratorio y retrospectivo. La muestra estuvo compuesta por cuatro atletas y se utilizó un cuestionario, entrevista semiestructurada, con el apoyo del uso de timeline. El análisis de datos se realizó a partir del Análisis de Cualitativo de Contenido. Observamos que el deporte como carrera aparece después de la lesión física, como parte del proceso de rehabilitación. Sin embargo, estas atletas suelen tener doble carrera, debido a la inestabilidad de la carrera deportiva, cuyo ápice es el llamado para integrar la selección brasileña. No se ha identificado que haya una preparación para el término de la carrera deportiva. La carrera deportiva es una forma de rehabilitación e inserción social, pero no es un trabajo a tiempo completo para las atletas, que tienen otros empleos.(AU)

Relatos sobre um livro com experiências de estigma/discriminação de Pessoas Vivendo com HIV/AIDS no Brasil / Reports on a book with situations of stigma/discrimination of People Living With HIV/ AIDS in Brazil

RESUMO Ao longo de 2021, no âmbito de atividades da Associação Brasileira Interdisciplinar de AIDS, foi desenvolvido o projeto 'E se fosse com você? Histórias vividas de estigma e discriminação em 40 anos de HIV/AIDS'. O projeto buscou reunir histórias reais de estigma e discriminação, bem como mostrar traumáticas experiências vividas pelas pessoas com HIV/AIDS, para estimular a empatia e a solidariedade em torno do grupo. Este texto é um relato sobre a experiência do projeto, realizado por chamada de voluntários nas redes sociais da Associação. Entre estes, foram selecionados dez indivíduos, considerando tipos de situações vividas, faixas etárias, gêneros, raças, orientações sexuais e regiões de origem, para tentar mostrar diferentes aspectos de viver com HIV/AIDS no Brasil. No intuito de nortear as entrevistas, foi preparado roteiro semiestruturado, com dezenas de perguntas adaptadas a individualidades de cada participante, para abordar diferentes histórias. A partir das entrevistas, foram escritas dez histórias diferentes, pontuando situações de estigma e discriminação em distintos momentos da vida, assim como quadros de enfrentamento e resistência. Por ocasião do Dia Mundial de Luta contra a AIDS em 2021, o livro foi lançado no seminário 'Refazendo a Prevenção', da mesma Associação, e está disponível para baixar gratuitamente.

ABSTRACT Related to the activities of the Brazilian Interdisciplinary AIDS Association in 2021, the project 'What if it was with you? Lived Stories of Stigma and Discrimination in 40 Years of HIV/AIDS' was developed. The project aimed gathering real stories of stigma and discrimination, but also presenting the traumatic experiences lived by people with HIV/AIDS, and stimulating empathy and solidarity around the group. This article is a report on the experience of the project, carried out by calling volunteers on the social networks of the Association. Among the volunteers, ten individuals were selected, considering types of situations experienced, age groups, genders, races, sexual orientations, and origin, trying to show different aspects of living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. To guide the interviews, a semi-structured script was prepared, with dozens of questions adapted to the individualities of each participant, to address different life stories. From the interviews, ten different stories were written, punctuating situations of stigma and discrimination, in different moments of life, as well as frames of confrontation and resistance. On the occasion of World AIDS Day in 2021, the book was launched at the same Association's seminar 'Refazendo a Prevenção', and it is available for free download.

Fermín Valdés Domínguez Quintanó: activo patriota, consagrado científico y profesional de la salud / Fermín Valdés Domínguez Quintanó: active patriot, consecrated scientist and health professional

RESUMEN Introducción: la historia de la Medicina constituye una fuente valiosa para la formación de valores en el proceso de formación y superación de los futuros profesionales de las ciencias médicas. Objetivo: profundizar en la labor patriótica y médica de Fermín Valdés Domínguez en los siglos XIX y XX. Métodos: se realizó una revisión bibliográfica de varios documentos históricos y artículos científicos. La búsqueda fue realizada en Google Académico desde el 2014 hasta diciembre de 2020. Se revisaron más de 15 trabajos publicados, en el que sobresale la colección facticia con recortes de casi todos los trabajos periodísticos de Fermín Valdés Domínguez publicados en la prensa cubana, y los "famosos cuadernillos manuscritos" sobre sus memorias de la guerra. La información fue procesada a través del análisis de contenido y otros métodos teóricos como el histórico-lógico, analítico-sintético, inductivo-deductivo. Resultados: se precisó la labor patriótica y médica de Fermín Valdés Domínguez en los siglos XIX y XX. Esta personalidad de la historia cubana como estudiante universitario y profesional de la Medicina fue capaz de conjugar su labor patriótica en las luchas por la independencia del siglo XIX con el periodismo científico y revolucionario. Conclusiones: a través de la revisión realizada quedó demostrado que la vida y obra de Fermín Valdés Domínguez como profesional de la salud y destacado patriota cubano es una valiosa herramienta para el trabajo educativo curricular en la educación médica.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the history of Medicine constitutes a valuable source for the formation of values ​​in the process of formation and improvement of future professionals in the medical sciences. Objective: to deepen inside the patriotic and medical work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez in the 19th and 20th centuries. Methods: a bibliographic review of several historical documents and scientific articles was carried out. The search was carried out in Google scholar from 2014 to December 2020. More than 15 published works were reviewed, in which the factitious collection stands out with clippings of almost all the journalistic works of Fermín Valdés Domínguez published in the Cuban press, and the "famous handwritten booklets" on his memoirs of the war. The information was processed through content analysis and other theoretical methods such as historical-logical, analytical-synthetic, inductive-deductive. Results: the patriotic and medical work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez in the 19th and 20th centuries was specified. This personality of Cuban history as a university student and professional of Medicine was able to combine his patriotic work in the struggles for independence in the 19th century with scientific and revolutionary journalism. Conclusions: through the review carried out, it was shown that the life and work of Fermín Valdés Domínguez as a health professional and prominent Cuban patriot is a valuable tool for curricular educational work in medical education.

Villaclareños de la salud en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba / Health representatives from Villaclara in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba

RESUMEN Fundamento: la salud pública villaclareña tiene una rica historia que permite conocer destacados profesionales en las diferentes ramas de las ciencias médicas. La existencia de esas figuras durante el período colonial sentó las bases de un desarrollo científico en el territorio. Objetivo: reseñar las historias de vidas de las principales figuras de la medicina villaclareña que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba de 1890 y sus aportes a la salud pública del territorio. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico durante el año 2019, se emplearon métodos teóricos, sustentados en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: el análisis documental y entrevistas a informantes clave; se efectuó triangulación metodológica para arribar a consideraciones integradoras. Resultados: se identificaron importantes figuras de la medicina en Villa Clara que participaron en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora y Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril y Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez y López Silvero. Se confeccionaron sus historias de vida identificando sus principales aportes a la salud pública cubana, y su influencia en la sociedad villaclareña del siglo XIX. Conclusiones: Villa Clara tuvo una importante participación en el Primer Congreso Médico Regional de la Isla de Cuba en 1890. Los médicos que asistieron a ese evento dejaron un importante legado que debe ser conocido por las nuevas generaciones.

ABSTRACT Background: Villa Clara's public health has a rich history that allows us to meet prominent professionals in the different branches of medical sciences. The existence of these figures during the colonial period laid the foundations for scientific development in the territory. Objective: to review the life stories of the main figures of Villa Clara medicine who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890 and their contributions to the public health of the territory. Methods: a historical documentary research was carried out during 2019; theoretical methods were used, supported by the interaction of the historical and the logical and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical ones: documentary analysis and interviews with key informants; information was methodologically contrasted to arrive at integrative considerations. Results: important figures of medicine were identified in Villa Clara who participated in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba: Joaquín Albarrán Domínguez, Enrique López Veitía, Pedro Albarrán Domínguez, Agustín Wenceslao Reyes Zamora and Francisco Rodríguez Hernández, Fernando Plazaola, Agustín Abril and Letamendis, Domingo Lagomasino Álvarez and López Silvero. Their life histories were compiled identifying their main contributions to Cuban public health, and their influence on Villa Clara society in the 19th century. Conclusions: Villa Clara had an important participation in the First Regional Medical Congress of the Island of Cuba in 1890. The doctors who attended this event left an important legacy that should be known by the new generations.

O adoecimento crônico e o tratamento pelo olhar do adolescente: considerações com base em uma história de vida / Chronic disease and treatment by the adolescent's view: considerations from a life story

Resumo Introdução As doenças crônicas têm aumentado mundialmente, exigindo cada vez mais a compreensão de sua complexidade e das particularidades dos ciclos da vida. O adoecimento crônico na adolescência, por sua vez, apresenta desafios diante das questões próprias desta fase da vida. Objetivo Conhecer como um adolescente compreende o processo de adoecimento e hospitalização ao longo de sua trajetória de vida e de que maneira o adoecimento perpassa seu cotidiano. Método Foi realizado estudo exploratório, descritivo e reflexivo, por meio de história oral. A coleta se deu por meio de uma entrevista com um adolescente diagnosticado com anemia falciforme desde sua infância. Após a coleta da história oral, foram realizadas as fases de transcrição, textualização, transcriação e validação com o participante e, por fim, de análise temática da história. Resultados O estudo identificou três categorias temáticas principais: a experiência de crescer com o adoecimento; impactos do adoecimento no cotidiano e a relação com a família perpassada pela doença crônica. Os resultados revelaram a experiência de um jovem diante de uma vida perpassada pelo adoecimento crônico e as estratégias de vida que utiliza para produção de sentido, o enfrentamento dos desafios trazidos pelas demandas de cuidado permanente e os conflitos próprios da adolescência. Conclusão Mesmo que os resultados sejam singulares, a história de Marvel representa de vários modos a vivência de adolescentes com doença crônica, possibilitando compreender os impactos do viver como adoecimento crônico e com as necessidades de cuidado e restrições impostas pela doença.

Abstract Introduction Chronic diseases have increased worldwide, demanding more and more the understanding of their complexity and the particularities of each life cycle. Chronic illness in adolescence, in turn, presents challenges given the issues specific to this phase of life. Objective To know how an adolescent understands the process of illness and hospitalization throughout his life trajectory and how the illness permeates his daily life. Method An exploratory, descriptive and reflective study was conducted through oral history. The collection took place through an interview with a teenager diagnosed with sickle cell anemia since his childhood. After collecting the oral history, the phases of transcription, textualization, transcreation, and validation were carried out with the participant and, finally, thematic analysis of the story was undertaken. Results The study identified three main thematic categories: the experience of growing up with illness; impacts of illness on everyday life, and the relationship with the family permeated by chronic disease. The results revealed the experience of a young person facing a life permeated by chronic illness and the life strategies he uses to produce meaning, facing the challenges brought by the demands of permanent care and the conflicts inherent in adolescence. Conclusion Even though the results are unique, Marvel's story represents in several ways the experience of adolescents with chronic illness, making it possible to understand the impacts of living with chronic illness, the care needs, and restrictions imposed by the illness.

Médicos que incidieron en el conocimiento histórico y el arte villaclareños: una historia para contar / Doctors that influenced Villa Clara´s historical knowledge and art: a story to tell

RESUMEN Fundamento: la historia de la salud pública villaclareña registra numerosos médicos que se destacaron en su profesión y a la vez cultivaron diversas ramas de la cultura y el arte, por lo que ocupan espacios significativos en la sociedad. Objetivo: caracterizar algunos profesionales que ejercieron exitosamente como médicos e hicieron aportes a la historia y la cultura del territorio villaclareño en diferentes épocas del devenir histórico. Métodos: se realizó una investigación documental de corte histórico durante el año 2018, se emplearon métodos teóricos que permitieron el análisis del objetivo de estudio, sustentado en la interacción de lo histórico y lo lógico y desde las dimensiones temporal y espacial; y empíricos: el análisis documental y entrevistas a informantes clave; se efectuó triangulación metodológica para arribar a consideraciones integradoras. Resultados: se ofrecen en orden cronológico y abordan aspectos biográficos de Don Bartolomé Jacinto Dubois de la Rosa, Don José Surí Águila, José Rafael Tristá Valdés, José Cornide Rivera, Facundo Ramos, José Andrés Martínez Fortún y Foyo, Tomás Capote Pérez y Tomás Hernández, en los que se destacan su labor científico-médica y sus aportes al conocimiento histórico y las artes en Villa Clara. Conclusiones: estos profesionales, además de desarrollar su profesión con calidad y prestigio, también se destacaron en algunas ramas de la historia y la cultura general del territorio, dejaron un legado científico y cultural valioso que es preciso destacar y divulgar entre los estudiantes de las ciencias médicas villaclareñas.

ABSTRACT Background: Villa Clara's history of public health records numerous doctors who stood out in their profession, and at the same time cultivated various branches of culture and art, so they occupy significant spaces in society. Objective: to characterize some professionals who successfully practiced as doctors and made contributions to the history and culture of Villa Clara's territory at different times of the historical evolution. Methods: a historical documentary investigation was carried out during 2018, theoretical methods were used that allowed the analysis of the object of study, based on the historical-logical interaction and from the temporal and spatial dimensions; and empirical: documentary analysis and interviews to key informants; Methodological contrast of sources was carried out to arrive at integrative considerations. Results: biographical aspects of Don Bartolomé Jacinto Dubois de la Rosa, Don José Surí Águila, José Rafael Tristá Valdés, José Cornide Rivera, Facundo Ramos, José Andrés Martínez Fortún y Foyo, Tomás Capote Pérez and Tomás Hernández are offered in chronological order, in which their scientific-medical work and their contributions to historical knowledge and arts in Villa Clara stand out. Conclusions: these professionals, in addition to developing their profession with quality and prestige, they also stood out in some branches of the history and general culture of the territory, leaving a valuable scientific and cultural legacy that must be highlighted and disseminated among medical sciences students of Villa Clara.

Trajetória de vida do/a profissional e a interface no cuidado com usuários/as de drogas / Professional life trajectory and a non­care interface with drug users

O uso abusivo de drogas configura-­se no contexto brasileiro como um problema no âmbito da saúde coletiva e dois paradigmas que regem a política pública, com modos de cuidar distintos, concorrem para seu enfrentamento, Proibicionista e Antiproibicionista. Nesta pesquisa, além dos paradigmas adotados, considera-­se que a trajetória de vida do/a profissional exerce forte influência sobre a sua prática de cuidado. O estudo objetivou conhecer a relação entre a trajetória de vida de profissionais de um Centro de Acolhimento Intensivo do Programa ATITUDE na Região Metropolitana do Recife ­ Pernambuco e suas práticas de cuidado voltadas aos usuários/as de crack, álcool e outras drogas. Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa e, de forma individual, aplicadas seis entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais que exerciam a função de psicólogo/a, assistente social, advogado/a, enfermeiro/a, técnico/a de enfermagem e educador/a social no serviço supracitado. Os dados coletados foram analisados, mediante a análise temática. Assim, foram construídas quatro categorias: 1. A percepção da droga como sintoma; 2. O contexto de uso das drogas na trajetória de vida da pessoa-­profissional; 3. Ressignificação da pessoa-­profissional sobre uso de drogas mediante experiência na prática de cuidado; 4. Cuidado e autonomia. Essas categorias permitiram concluir que o Programa ATITUDE teve um forte significado na trajetória de vida pessoal e profissional de vários participantes, revelando a necessidade de manter a interface da subjetividade na elaboração e execução do eixo de políticas, planejamento e gestão em saúde como forma de aumentar a qualidade do cuidado e a eficácia das políticas públicas no âmbito da saúde coletiva.

The abusive use of drugs is configured in the Brazilian context as a public health problem, and two models of public policy, with distinct care modes, compete for their confrontation: Prohibicionista and Antiprohibicionista. It is understood here that the life trajectory of the professionals exerts a strong influence on their practice of professional care. This study aimed to know the relationship between the life trajectory of professionals of an Intensive Reception Center of the ATITUDE Program in the Metropolitan Region of Recife ­ Pernambuco, and their care practices aimed at users of crack, alcohol and other drugs. A qualitative research was carried out and, in an individual way, there were six semi structured interviews with professionals of medium, technical and superior level of the above mentioned service. The collected data were analyzed through a thematic analysis. Thus, four categories were apprehended: the perception of the drug as a symptom; the context of drug use in the life trajectory of the professional; re­signification of drug use through professional experience; care and autonomy. These categories allowed us to conclude that the ATITUDE Program had a strong meaning in the personal and professional life trajectory of several participants, regarding their involvement with the theme, as well as their experiences (biographical trajectory) with the theme AD collaborated for the construction of care based on the recognition of users as subjects of rights and protagonists of their history.

Ricardo Jorge Oropesa: protagonista de los comienzos de la educación médica en la región central / Ricardo Jorge Oropesa: protagonist of the beginnings of medical education in the central region

RESUMEN Fundamento: el 18 de junio de 2019 se cumplen 100 años del natalicio del Dr.C. Ricardo Jorge Oropesa, figura destacada en la fundación y desarrollo de la docencia médica en la región central de Cuba, y de la consolidación del enfoque integral de la salud pública en Nicaragua durante la revolución sandinista. Objetivo: identificar los aspectos más relevantes vinculados con la docencia médica en la obra científica, pedagógica y revolucionaria del Dr. Oropesa. Métodos: se desarrolló una amplia revisión documental en los archivos personales del Dr. Oropesa, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara y en la Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas. Se realizaron entrevistas a informantes clave sobre los aspectos investigados, complementando estos métodos y técnicas con otros de corte teórico. Finalmente se realizó la triangulación de fuentes para obtener los resultados que se informan. Resultados: la relación y aportes de Oropesa a este importante proceso solo han sido destacados, y no de forma integral, por la revista EDUMECENTRO. El estudio describe aspectos relevantes en la obra edificadora de este hombre que lo convierten en una personalidad de connotación nacional y latinoamericana. Conclusiones: la educación médica en la región central de Cuba y en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua cuenta con el legado científico-pedagógico del Dr.C. Ricardo Jorge Oropesa.

ABSTRACT Background: June 18, 2019 marks the 100th anniversary of the birth of Dr.C. Ricardo Jorge Oropesa, a leading figure in the foundation and development of medical teaching in the central region of Cuba, and the consolidation of the comprehensive approach to public health in Nicaragua during the Sandinista revolution. Objective: to identify the most relevant aspects related to medical teaching in the scientific, pedagogical and revolutionary work of MD. Jorge Oropesa. Methods: an extensive documentary review was developed in the personal archives of MD. Oropesa, at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences and at "Marta Abreu" Central University of Las Villas. Key informants were Interviewed on the aspects investigated, complementing these methods and techniques with others of theoretical nature. Finally, sources were contrasted to obtain the results that are reported. Results: Jorge Oropesa's relationship and contributions to this important process have only been highlighted, and not comprehensively, by EDUMECENTRO magazine. The study describes relevant aspects in this man's edifying work that make him a personality of national and Latin American connotation. Conclusions: medical education in the central region of Cuba and at the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua has the scientific-pedagogical legacy of Ph D. Ricardo Jorge Oropesa.

Dra. Norma Pérez Calleja: la más natural de los educadores sociales / Dr. Norma Pérez Calleja: the most natural of social educators

Fundamento: como parte del proyecto de investigación «Educadores Destacados del Siglo XX¼, se seleccionó para su estudio la personalidad de la Dra. Norma Ciríaca Pérez Calleja, pediatra y profesora ilustre de la provincia Ciego de Ávila. Objetivo: divulgar la vida y obra de la mencionada doctora como paradigma en el campo de la Pediatría y la educación médica. Métodos: se realizó una investigación descriptiva con enfoque cualitativo en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Ciego de Ávila, en el periodo 2016-2017. Se utilizó el método biográfico o historia de vida para reconstruir el desarrollo vital como expresión singular de la realidad social vivida por la doctora, a través de distintas fuentes: revisión documental de su expediente docente y otros materiales que avalan sus reconocimientos sociales, crónicas sobre su vida, trabajos científicos, entrevistas, testimonios de colegas y pacientes, y fotos. Resultados: se caracterizó la vida de la doctora y profesora y su aporte a la formación de los profesionales de las ciencias médicas en Ciego de Ávila. Los documentos consultados permitieron avalar su conducta social como ejemplo vivo, sus firmes convicciones y fuerte voluntad, todo lo cual la hacen portadora de elevados principios y valores espirituales, los que constituyen guía de muchos y devienen significativas enseñanzas para la mayoría de los que la conocen. Conclusiones: la influencia movilizadora, profesionalidad y labor educativa de la doctora Norma Ciriaca Pérez Calleja permitieron considerarla como una educadora social y ejemplo a seguir por las nuevas generaciones.

Background: as part of the research project «Outstanding Educators of the 20th Century¼, the personality of Dr. Norma Ciriaca Pérez Calleja, pediatrician and outstanding professor from Ciego de Ávila province was selected for this study. Objective: to let know the life and work of the aforementioned doctor as a paradigm in the field of Pediatrics and medical education. Methods: a descriptive research work within the qualitative approach was carried out at Ciego de Ávila University of Medical Sciences, in the academic year 2016-2017. The biographical or life history method was used to reconstruct the vital development as a singular expression of the social reality lived by the doctor, through different sources: documentary review of her teaching file and other materials that endorse her social recognitions, chronicles about her life, scientific works, interviews, testimonies of colleagues and patients, and photos. Results: the life of the doctor and professor was characterized and her contribution to the training of professionals of the medical sciences in Ciego de Ávila. The documents consulted allowed to endorse her social behavior as a living example, her firm convictions and strong will, all of which make her a bearer of high spiritual principles and values, which are the guide for many others and become significant teachings for the majority of those who know her. Conclusions: the mobilizing influence, professionalism and educational work of Dr. Norma Ciriaca Pérez Calleja allowed considering her as a social educator and an example to follow for the new generations.

História oral como método para a compreensão do ofício das parteiras do semiárido brasileiro / Historia oral como método para la comprensión del oficio de las parteiras del semiárido brasileño / The oral history as a method for understanding the brazilian semi-arid midwives' job

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender o processo histórico do ofício das parteiras do semiárido nordestino brasileiro por meio da história oral. Método: estudo qualitativo realizado em nove municípios do Cariri cearense com 16 parteiras, por meio do método da história oral. Foi utilizada, como instrumento de coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada, com gravação das entrevistas em vídeo. Os relatos foram transcritos, textualizados e transcriados, sendo analisados segundo o método da história oral de vida. Resultados: a inserção de mulheres no ofício de parteiras ocorreu de forma transcendental ou essencial. Foi considerado um dom autônomo, divino ou aprendido pelo convívio com outras parteiras mais experientes. Seus conhecimentos variaram entre os saberes empírico e científico, tendo sido modificados ao longo do tempo, por conta do crescimento da medicalização, instigando a reflexão diante da atuação profissional voltada à saúde da mulher. Isto valorizou o parto, tornado um momento único, respeitando todos seus significados e devolvendo à mulher seu direito de ser mãe com humanidade e segurança. Conclusão: ficou evidente a forma natural e transcendental com que as parteiras foram inseridas neste ofício, motivadas pelo sentimento de altruísmo em um contexto histórico e social de ausência de acesso universal à saúde, de localização geográfica rural e de pouca disponibilidade de recursos humanos na saúde. Ficaram evidentes, deste modo, seus valores e sua importância no cenário da saúde obstétrica brasileira.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender el proceso histórico del oficio de las parteras del semiárido nordestino brasileño por medio de la historia oral. Método: estudio cualitativo realizado en nueve municipios del Cariri cearense con 16 parteras, por medio del método de la historia oral. Se utilizó, como instrumento de recolección de datos, la entrevista semiestructurada, con grabación de las entrevistas en video. Los relatos fueron transcritos, textualizados y transcribados, siendo analizados según el método de la historia oral de vida. Resultados: la inserción de mujeres en el oficio de parteras ocurrió de forma trascendental o esencial. Fue considerado un don autónomo, divino o aprendido por la convivencia con otras parteras más experimentadas. Sus conocimientos variaron entre los saberes empírico y científico, habiendo sido modificados a lo largo del tiempo, por el crecimiento de la medicalización, instigando la reflexión ante la actuación profesional orientada a la salud de la mujer. Esto valoró el parto, convertido en un momento único, respetando todos sus significados y devolviendo a la mujer su derecho de ser madre con humanidad y seguridad. Conclusión: quedó evidente la forma natural y trascendental con que las parteras fueron insertadas en este oficio, motivadas por el sentimiento de altruismo en un contexto histórico y social de ausencia de acceso universal a la salud, de localización geográfica rural y de poca disponibilidad de recursos humanos en la salud . Se quedaron evidentes, de este modo, sus valores y su importancia en el escenario de la salud obstétrica brasileña.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the historical process of the midwives' job in the Brazilian Northeastern semi-arid region through the oral history. Method: qualitative study carried out in nine municipalities of Cariri, in Ceará, with 16 midwives, using the oral history method. The semi-structured interview was used as a data collection instrument, with video interviews recorded. The reports were transcribed, textualized and transcreated, being analyzed according to the oral life history method. Results: the insertion of women working as midwives took place in a transcendental or essential way. It was considered an autonomous gift, divine or learned by living with other more experienced midwives. Their knowledge varied between the empirical and scientific knowledge, having been modified over time, due to the growth of the medicalization, instigating the reflection due to the professional action focused on women's health. This valued the childbirth, making it a unique moment, respecting all its meanings and giving back to the woman her right to be a mother with humanity and security. Conclusion: it was evident the natural and transcendental way in which the midwives were inserted in this role, motivated by the feeling of altruism in a historical and social context of absence to universal access to health, rural geographic location and little availability of human resources in health. Thus, their values and their importance in the Brazilian obstetric health scenario were evident.

Ecology of the non-native snail Sinotaia cf quadrata (Caenogastropoda: Viviparidae). A study in a lowland stream of South America with different water qualities

ABSTRACT Sinotaia quadrata is a snail native from Asia recorded for the first time in South America in 2009 in central Argentina. In 2015, this species was also found in a lowland stream with different water qualities. Our aims were to contribute to the knowledge of its population ecology and to compare the individuals from the two locations anatomically. Snails were searched at 6 sites, where physicochemical and hydraulic parameters were measured. Biological samples were also taken at two sites (S3 and S4) to study the population traits of S. cf quadrata (density, size structure, fecundity and sex ratio) and to assess the water quality through macroinvertebrates' biological indices (richness, diversity and IBPamp). Physicochemical and biological parameters allowed us classifying sites as "moderately polluted" (S3) and "heavily polluted" (S4). At S4, the population showed a lower density, larger individuals, higher fecundity and a scarce representation of young snails. The differences observed in the radula and mantle border of snails from the two geographical regions might be attributed to environmental differences. We conclude that this species is tolerant to a wide range of environmental variables which, along with its high fecundity and morphological plasticity, could allow this species to colonize neighbor streams.

Parámetros reproductivos de Hypsiboas punctatus (Schneider 1799) (Anura: Hylidae) en el extremo sur de su área de distribución

Hypsiboas punctatus (Schneider 1799) posee una amplia distribución en Sudamérica, a lo largo de un gradiente ambiental y latitudinal (tropical/templado), por lo que las condiciones que enfrentan sus poblaciones difieren significativamente. Hasta el momento, solamente se conocen los parámetros reproductivos de esta especie en regiones tropicales, por lo que en el presente trabajo se estudió una población de una región templada para evaluar si existen diferencias. Los individuos estudiados resultaron ser de menor tamaño que los de poblaciones tropicales. El tamaño y peso de los machos no se correlacionaron con el volumen testicular. En cambio, el tamaño y el peso de las hembras se correlacionaron positivamente con su fertilidad. No se encontraron cuerpos grasos desarrollados en las hembras pero sí en los machos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que existe una variabilidad en los parámetros reproductivos de H. punctatus que puede estar relacionada tanto a un fenómeno de plasticidad fenotípica como de diferenciación genética entre poblaciones distantes. Esto sería una de las claves que permitiría a esta especie prosperar en diferentes ecosistemas con distintas características y presiones ambientales.

Hypsiboas punctatus (Schneider 1799) has a wide distribution in South America, throughout a latitudinal and environmental gradient (tropical/temperate), thus, supporting significantly different pressures among populations. Until now, only tropical populations reproductive parameters have been recorded. Then, our goal was to study reproductive parameters on a population inhabiting a temperate climate region to evaluate differences with those inhabiting tropical regions. Studied frogs were smaller than those from tropical regions. There was no correlation between weight and size of males and their testicles volume. Conversely, females weight and size was positively correlated to their fertility. Fat bodies were developed in males but absent in females. When compared with other studies, our results showed the variability in reproductive parameters of H. punctatus between tropical and temperate regions. This variability could be the result of phenotypic plasticity and/or genetic differentiation between distant populations. This variability may be one of the keys that allow H. punctatus to thrive in diverse ecosystems with different characteristics and environmental pressures.

Demographic fitness of Belminus ferroae (Hemiptera: Triatominae) on three different hosts under laboratory conditions

Triatominae are widely recognised for their role as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi. One of the main biological characteristics of this subfamily is their obligate haematophagous condition. However, previous studies on Belminus herreri and Belminus ferroae suggested that cockroaches are their principal hosts in domiciles. Due to this peculiar behaviour, the aim of this study was to analyse several demographic and reproductive parameters of B. ferroae fed on three different hosts (mice, cockroaches and Rhodnius prolixus) and relate B. ferroae fitness to these alternative hosts. The cohorts were reared under constant conditions. The egg hatching rate was similar for cohorts fed on cockroaches (69.4%) and R. prolixus (63.8%), but was much lower for the cohort fed on mice (16%). The development time from the nymph to adult stage and the average age of first reproduction (α) presented lower values in the cohort fed on cockroaches, which is consistent with the higher population growth rate associated with this host. Demographic parameters [intrinsic rate of natural increase, finite rate of population growth, net reproductive rate and damping ratio] showed statistically significant differences between the cohorts. Analysis of the life history of B. ferroae revealed a higher fitness related to the cockroach. The implications of these results for the origin of the subfamily are discussed.

Reproduction, development and growth of Akodon lindberghi (Hershkovitz, 1990) (Rodentia, Muridae, Sigmodontinae) raised in captivity

The reproduction, development and growth of Akodon lindberghi were studied in captivity. The colony was derived from animals captured in Simão Pereira, Minas Gerais state, which represents a new area of geographical distribution known for this species. Twelve males and twelve females were crossed, producing 144 young in 53 litters. Post-partum oestrus was observed and gestation length was estimated in 23 days. Litter size ranged from 1 to 4 with a mean of 2.72 (SD = 0.97, n = 53) and modal size of 3. Sexual dimorphism was neither present in body mass at birth nor at weaning. There was a significant negative correlation between litter size and mass at birth or weaning. Permanent emergence of adult external appearance occurred at 15 days. Puberty for males and females was 43 and 42 days, respectively, and the first fecundation event for two females was recorded at 47 and 54 days of age. The weight growth was described by fitting a Gompertz model. No significant difference was found in any parameter of growth curves for males and females. Measurements (head-body, tail, hind foot and internal and external ear lengths) obtained for adult individuals also did not reveal the presence of sexual dimorphism.

A reprodução, o crescimento e o desenvolvimento de Akodon lindberghi foram estudados em cativeiro. A colônia foi derivada de animais capturados em Simão Pereira, Minas Gerais, Brasil, localidade que representa uma nova área de distribuição geográfica conhecida para esta espécie. Doze machos e doze fêmeas foram acasalados, produzindo 144 filhotes em 53 ninhadas. Observou-se estro pós-parto e o período de gestação foi estimado em 23 dias. O tamanho médio da ninhada foi de 2,72 (SD = 0,97, n = 53), com amplitude de 1 a 4 e moda de 3 filhotes. Não houve dimorfismo sexual do peso dos filhotes ao nascimento e ao desmame. O tamanho da ninhada foi negativamente correlacionado com o peso ao nascimento e ao desmame. A emergência da aparência externa adulta (pêlos, dentes e olhos e orelhas abertos) ocorreu aos 15 dias. A puberdade em machos e fêmeas ocorreu aos 43 e 42 dias, respectivamente, e a primeira fecundação para duas fêmeas, aos 47 e 54 dias. O crescimento do peso foi descrito através do modelo de Gompertz. Não houve diferença significativa entre machos e fêmeas em nenhum parâmetro das curvas de crescimento, bem como nas medidas corporais (cabeça-corpo, cauda, pé posterior, e orelhas interna e externa) obtidas para animais adultos.